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Obligate parthenogenesis is the process in which organisms exclusively reproduce through asexual means. [39] Many species have transitioned to obligate parthenogenesis over evolutionary time. Well documented transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have been found in numerous metazoan taxa, albeit through highly diverse mechanisms.
Because of the many advantages of sexual reproduction, most facultative parthenotes only reproduce asexually when forced to. This typically occurs in instances when finding a mate becomes difficult. For example, female zebra sharks will reproduce asexually if they are unable to find a mate in their ocean habitats. [2]
Females of species have the ability to reproduce asexually, without sperm from a male. The process is called parthenogenesis, from the Greek words for “virgin” and “birth.”
Bacteria divide asexually via binary fission; viruses take control of host cells to produce more viruses; Hydras (invertebrates of the order Hydroidea) and yeasts are able to reproduce by budding. These organisms often do not possess different sexes, and they are capable of "splitting" themselves into two or more copies of themselves.
Parthenogenesis in sharks has been confirmed in the bonnethead [35] and zebra shark. [36] Other, usually sexual species, may occasionally reproduce parthenogenetically, and the hammerhead and blacktip sharks [37] are recent additions to the known list of facultative parthenogenetic vertebrates. A special case of parthenogenesis is gynogenesis.
Young sharks born through rare reproductive events often face significant challenges. While asexual reproduction can be good for rapidly reproducing organisms, it's not ideal for organisms with ...
Siphonophores are colonial hydrozoans that do not exhibit alternation of generations but instead reproduce asexually through a budding process. [10] Zooids are the multicellular units that build the colonies. A single bud called the pro-bud initiates the growth of a colony by undergoing fission. [7]
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