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Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumor formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus , resulting in the activation of genes through the process of ...
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) ... [26] [27] Viral proteins proven to affect IFN signaling include EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV nuclear antigen 2 ...
The human interferon-gamma receptor complex consists the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. [2] [3] In unstimulated cells, these subunits are not preassociated with each other but rather associate through their intracellular domains with inactive forms of specific Janus family kinases (Jak1 and Jak2). Jak1 and Jak2 constitutively ...
CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-γ.These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. [5] CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and ...
IRF5 is a direct transducer to interferon signaling and is activated via phosphorylation. [11] The IRF family can also initiate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by binding to transmembrane receptors that activate JAK. [12] IRFs, IFNs, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway work together to fight viral infections in mammals through specific signals. [13]
PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein Shc were reported to be substrates of this PTP, which suggested the roles in growth factor mediated cell signaling.
The interferon receptor is a molecule displayed on the surface of cells which interacts with extracellular interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons.