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  2. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    As most ores are impure, it is often necessary to use flux, such as limestone (or dolomite), to remove the accompanying rock gangue as slag. This calcination reaction emits carbon dioxide. The required temperature varies both in absolute terms and in terms of the melting point of the base metal. Examples:

  3. Drilling and blasting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting

    It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. The result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut. Drilling and blasting currently utilizes many different varieties of explosives with different compositions and performance properties.

  4. Lime kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_kiln

    Hot limestone is discharged from the shafts in sequence, by the action of a hydraulic "pusher plate". Kilns of 1000 tonnes per day output are typical. The rotary kiln is the most flexible of any lime kilns able to produce soft, medium, or hard burned as well as dead-burned lime or dolime.

  5. Lead smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_smelting

    Concentrated lead ore is fed into a sintering machine with iron, silica, limestone fluxes, coke, soda ash, pyrite, zinc, caustics or pollution control particulates. Smelting uses suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing elements to free the metal. Reduction is the final, high-temperature step in smelting.

  6. List of types of limestone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_limestone

    Rag-stone – Work done with stones that are quarried in thin pieces; Shelly limestone – Limestone containing many fossils; Travertine – Form of limestone deposited by mineral springs; Tufa – Porous limestone rock formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of ambient temperature water

  7. Industrial mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_mineral

    Industrial resources (minerals) are geological materials that are mined for their commercial value, which are not fuel (fuel minerals or mineral fuels) and are not sources of metals (metallic minerals) but are used in the industries based on their physical and/or chemical properties. [1]

  8. Quarry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry

    Extraction work in a marble quarry in Carrara, Italy Quarries in level areas with shallow groundwater or which are located close to surface water often have engineering problems with drainage . Generally the water is removed by pumping while the quarry is operational, but for high inflows more complex approaches may be required.

  9. Lime (material) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(material)

    In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80% or more of calcium or magnesium carbonate, including marble, chalk, oolite, and marl.Further classification is done by composition as high calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious, conglomerate, magnesian, dolomite, and other limestones. [5]