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The Hudson Formula derives from Hudson's Building and Engineering Contracts and is used for the assessment of delay damages in construction claims.. The formula is: (Head Office overheads + profit percentage) ÷ 100 x contract sum ÷ period in weeks x delay in weeks
Reliance damages compensate the harmed party for the amount of damages they suffered for acting in reliance on the other party's contractual obligations. They are most often rewarded when the aggrieved party's damages are not capable of accurate estimation and ordering specific performance would be inappropriate. [ 5 ]
Index-based insurance, also known as index-linked insurance, weather-index insurance or, simply, index insurance, is primarily used in agriculture.Because of the high cost of assessing losses, traditional insurance based on paying indemnities for actual losses incurred is usually not viable, particularly for smallholders in developing countries.
In integrated pest management, the economic threshold is the density of a pest at which a control treatment will provide an economic return. [1]An economic Injuryis the insect's population level or extent of crop damage at which the value of the crop destroyed exceeds the cost of controlling the pest. [2]
Crop insurance is insurance purchased by agricultural producers and subsidized by a country's government to protect against either the loss of their crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought, and floods ("crop-yield insurance"), or the loss of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities ("crop-revenue insurance").
Crop Revenue Coverage (CRC) is a form of revenue insurance that protects a producer's revenue for an insurable crop whenever low prices, low yields, or a combination of both causes revenue to fall below a guaranteed level selected by the producer.
Catastrophic crop insurance (CAT) is a component of the U.S. federal crop insurance program, originally authorized by the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994 (P.L. 103- 354). [1] CAT coverage compensates farmers for crop yield losses exceeding 50% of their average historical yield at a payment rate of 55% of the projected season average ...
Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) is the oldest and most common form of the federal crop insurance programme in the United States of America.MPCI protects against crop yield losses by allowing participating producers to insure a certain percentage of historical crop production.