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Nematomorpha (sometimes called Gordiacea, and commonly known as horsehair worms, hairsnakes, [1] [2] [3] or Gordian worms) are a phylum of parasitoid animals superficially similar to nematode worms in morphology, hence the name. Most species range in size from 50 to 100 millimetres (2.0 to 3.9 in), reaching 2 metres (79 in) in extreme cases ...
Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.
However, the epidemiological significance of domestic dogs for human infections has not yet been investigated for these parasites. To avoid zoonotic worm infections in humans, hygiene is one of the most important preventive measures. These include washing hands, disposing of dog and cat feces, and also refraining from eating unwashed vegetables ...
The worm has a life cycle that requires definitive hosts and intermediate hosts. Definitive hosts are normally carnivores such as dogs, while intermediate hosts are usually herbivores such as sheep and cattle. Humans function as accidental hosts, because they are usually a dead end for the parasitic infection cycle, unless eaten by dogs or ...
Typical signs in dogs include hair loss and scaly skin. [21] Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by Sporothrix schenckii that affects both dogs and humans. It is a rare disease in dogs, with cat and horse infections predominating in veterinary medicine. The disease in dogs is usually nodular skin lesions of the head and trunk. [22]
Gongylonema pulchrum was first named and presented with its own species by Molin in 1857. The first reported case was in 1850 by Dr. Joseph Leidy, when he identified a worm "obtained from the mouth of a child" from the Philadelphia Academy (however, an earlier case may have been treated in patient Elizabeth Livingstone in the seventeenth century [2]).
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The entire life cycle of D. folliculorum takes 14–16 days. [9] Adult mites copulate at the top of the hair follicle, near the skin surface. [10] Eggs are deposited in the sebaceous gland inside the hair follicle. [10] The heart-shaped egg is 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) long, and hatches into a six-legged larva. [11]