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It acts primarily as a stool lubricant, and is thus not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbances in electrolytes, or tolerance over long periods of usage, side effects that osmotic and stimulant laxatives often engender (however, some literature suggests that these may still occur).
Side effects may include increased bowel gas, abdominal pain, and nausea. [3] Rare but serious side effects may include an abnormal heartbeat, seizures, and kidney problems. [8] Use appears to be safe during pregnancy. [9] [3] It is classified as an osmotic laxative: [4] It works by increasing the amount of water in the stool. [5]
Side effects of armodafinil include headache, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. [1] Armodafinil acts as a selective atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and hence as an indirect dopamine receptor agonist. [1] [5] [11] However, other mechanisms might also be involved in its effects.
Lubricant laxatives are substances that coat the stool with slippery lipids and decrease colonic absorption of water so the stool slides through the colon more easily. Lubricant laxatives also increase the weight of stool and decrease intestinal transit time. [9] Properties. Site of action: colon; Onset of action: 6–8 hours; Example: mineral ...
Chemical structure of modafinil.. This page lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil, known as modafinil analogues and derivatives.These are structural analogues and derivatives of modafinil, a drug that affects dopamine levels in the brain in an unusual way (atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor or DRI).
Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating diarrhea symptoms and improving stool consistency and frequency. [4] Unlike other opiates, loperamide does not cross the blood brain barrier, so there is minimal risk for abuse. [5]
"The Life Raft Group: Long List of Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6". "DRUGBANK Online: Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors" . "MEDICATIONS METABOLIZED BY CYTOCHROME P450 3A4" (PDF) .
[2] [8] [1] [9] It produces wakefulness-promoting effects in animals. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] Unlike modafinil, flmodafinil does not induce cytochrome P450 enzymes . [ 2 ] Chemically , flmodafinil is an enantiopure derivative of modafinil and is also known as bisfluoromodafinil (it is the ( R )- bis (4- fluoro ) phenyl ring - substituted derivative of ...