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Ping operates by means of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets. Pinging involves sending an ICMP echo request to the target host and waiting for an ICMP echo reply. The program reports errors, packet loss , and a statistical summary of the results, typically including the minimum, maximum, the mean round-trip times, and standard ...
The round-trip time or ping time is the time from the start of the transmission from the sending node until a response (for example an ACK packet or ping ICMP response) is received at the same node. It is affected by packet delivery time as well as the data processing delay , which depends on the load on the responding node.
RTT is a measure of the amount of time taken for an entire message to be sent to a destination and for a reply to be sent back to the sender. The time to send the message to the destination in its entirety is known as the network latency, and thus RTT is twice the latency in the network plus a processing delay at the destination.
Latency, from a general point of view, is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed. Lag, as it is known in gaming circles, refers to the latency between the input to a simulation and the visual or auditory response, often occurring because of network delay in online games.
The ping utility measures the RTT, that is, the time to go and come back to a host. Half the RTT is often used as an approximation of OWD but this assumes that the forward and back paths are the same in terms of congestion, number of hops, or quality of service (QoS).
An illustration of hops in a wired network (assuming a 0-origin hop count [1]).The hop count between the computers in this case is 2. In wired computer networking a hop occurs when a packet is passed from one network segment to the next.
The original DARPA Internet Protocol's RFC describes [1]: §1.4 TTL as: . The Time to Live is an indication of an upper bound on the lifetime of an internet datagram.It is set by the sender of the datagram and reduced at the points along the route where it is processed.
In May 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet switching among network nodes. [2] The authors had been working with Gérard Le Lann to incorporate concepts from the French CYCLADES project into the new network. [3]