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In modern times, computer software can greatly simplify the passage planning process and ensure that nothing important is overlooked. [8] Passage planning software may include functions such as waypoint management, distance calculators, tide and tidal current predictors, celestial navigational calculators, consumables estimators for fuel, oil, water, and stores, and other useful applications.
Suitable for nuclear-powered warships, and part of an operational Naval base or a building and refitting yard. All X-berths have as an integral part of their safety arrangements a permanent health physics department, a local emergency monitoring organisation and a local safety plan prepared under the auspices of a local liaison committee. [4]
Mooring involves (a) beaching the boat, (b) drawing in the mooring point on the line (where the marker buoy is located), (c) attaching to the mooring line to the boat, and (d) then pulling the boat out and away from the beach so that it can be accessed at all tides.
Permanent moorings use large masses (commonly a block or slab of concrete) resting on the seabed. Semi-permanent mooring anchors (such as mushroom anchors ) and large ship's anchors derive a significant portion of their holding power from their weight, while also hooking or embedding in the bottom.
The company was formed on 9 December 1940 as the Todd California Shipbuilding Corporation.The name was changed to Permanente Metals Corp. on 8 November 1941. In February 1942, the Todd Corporation acquired Kaiser's interests in the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation and Kaiser acquired Todd's interests in Permanente Metals.
Single anchor leg mooring (SALM), which can be used in both shallow and deep water. [1] see Thistle SALM as an example. Vertical anchor leg mooring, which is seldom used. [1] Two types of single point mooring tower: Jacket type, which has a jacket piled to the seabed with a turntable on top which carries the mooring gear and pipework [1]
The properties of chain, versus wire, mooring lines have been investigated, with chain mooring lines causing reductions in anchor capacity of up to 70%. [6] Thus, where appropriate and cost-efficient, wire mooring lines should be used. The embedded section of a mooring line contributes to the anchor's holding capacity against horizontal movement.
A lighter is a type of flat-bottomed barge used to transfer goods and passengers to and from moored ships. Lighters were traditionally unpowered and were moved and steered using long oars called "sweeps" and the motive power of water currents.