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Among second-generation antihistamines, cetirizine is more likely than fexofenadine and loratadine to cause drowsiness. [7] Use in pregnancy appears safe, but use during breastfeeding is not recommended. [8] The medication works by blocking histamine H 1 receptors, mostly outside the brain. [6] Cetirizine can be used for paediatric patients.
Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (), allergic rhinitis and itchy inflamed eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. [6] It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histamine H 1 receptor, preventing these allergic reactions. [7]
E-triprolidine, for example, is 1000-fold more potent than Z-triprolidine. This difference relates to the positioning and fit of the molecules in the histamine H 1 -receptor binding site. [ 15 ] Alkylamines are considered to have relatively fewer sedative and gastrointestinal adverse effects, but relatively greater incidence of paradoxical ...
Chlorphenamine produces less sedation than other first-generation antihistamines. [ 9 ] A large study on people 65 years old or older linked the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia to the "higher cumulative" use of chlorphenamine and other first-generation antihistamines, due to their anticholinergic properties. [ 10 ]
Doxylamine is also a potent anticholinergic, meaning that it causes delirum at high doses—i.e., at much higher doses than recommended. [8] (Specifically it is an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M 1 through M 5.) These sedative and deliriant effects have in some cases led to using the drug recreationally.
In 2023, more than five million Americans 12 and older reported a "prescription use disorder" within the past year, per the CDC. The most common side effects of Journavx, according to the company ...