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Asperger syndrome was a relatively new diagnosis in the field of autism, [152] though a syndrome like it was described as early as 1925 by Soviet child psychiatrist Grunya Sukhareva (1891–1981), [153] [1] As a child, Asperger appears to have exhibited some features of the very condition named after him, such as remoteness and talent in language.
There are two possible developmental courses of autism. One course of development is more gradual in nature, with symptoms appearing fairly early in life and persisting. [9] A second course of development is characterized by normal or near-normal development before onset of regression or loss of skills, which is known as regressive autism. [10]
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [1]
Autism in Adulthood is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research across a range of disciplines on all aspects of autism spectrum disorders in adults. It was established in 2019 and is published by Mary Ann Liebert. The founding editor-in-chief is Christina Nicolaidis (Portland State University). [1]
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
As of 2013, it is no longer a diagnosis on its own. Instead, patients are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, which encompasses Asperger syndrome. Many people still use Asperger's as a term when referring to "high-functioning" individuals with autism, but it is not an official diagnosis.
Diagnosis of ASD in adults poses unique challenges because it still relies on an accurate developmental history and because autistic adults sometimes learn coping strategies, known as "masking" or "camouflaging", which may make it more difficult to obtain a diagnosis. [17] [18]
The term Asperger syndrome typically excluded a general language delay. [19] Other differences noted in features of high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome included the following: [12] [20] [21] [22] Lower verbal reasoning ability; Better visual/spatial skills (Being uniquely artistically talented) Less deviating locomotion (e.g. clumsiness)