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This is a list of open-access journals by field. The list contains notable journals which have a policy of full open access. It does not include delayed open access journals, hybrid open access journals, or related collections or indexing services.
[1] [2] [3] By contrast, discrete mathematics excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as real numbers, calculus or Euclidean geometry. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers ; more formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets [ 4 ] (finite sets or sets with ...
Figure 1. Finding the shortest path in a graph using optimal substructure; a straight line indicates a single edge; a wavy line indicates a shortest path between the two vertices it connects (among other paths, not shown, sharing the same two vertices); the bold line is the overall shortest path from start to goal.
A logical formula is considered to be in DNF if it is a disjunction of one or more conjunctions of one or more literals. [2] [3] [4] A DNF formula is in full disjunctive normal form if each of its variables appears exactly once in every conjunction and each conjunction appears at most once (up to the order of variables).
The problem of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution on the integer interval [,] from a sample of k observations is commonly known as the German tank problem, following the practical application of this maximum estimation problem, during World War II, by Allied forces seeking to estimate German tank production.
A Markov chain with two states, A and E. In probability, a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) is a sequence of random variables, known as a stochastic process, in which the value of the next variable depends only on the value of the current variable, and not any variables in the past.
According to rules of thumb, this approximation is good if n ≥ 20 and p ≤ 0.05 [36] such that np ≤ 1, or if n > 50 and p < 0.1 such that np < 5, [37] or if n ≥ 100 and np ≤ 10. [38] [39] Concerning the accuracy of Poisson approximation, see Novak, [40] ch. 4, and references therein.
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a mathematical olympiad for pre-university students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. [1] It is widely regarded as the most prestigious mathematical competition in the world.