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Since the cache exists to bridge the speed gap, its performance measurement and metrics are important in designing and choosing various parameters like cache size, associativity, replacement policy, etc. Cache performance depends on cache hits and cache misses, which are the factors that create constraints to system performance.
In this example, the URL is the tag, and the content of the web page is the data. The percentage of accesses that result in cache hits is known as the hit rate or hit ratio of the cache. The alternative situation, when the cache is checked and found not to contain any entry with the desired tag, is known as a cache miss. This requires a more ...
Pipelined processors and superscalar processors are common examples found in most modern SISD computers. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Instructions are sent to the control unit from the memory module and are decoded and sent to the processing unit which processes on the data retrieved from memory module and sends back to it.
A hash-rehash cache and a column-associative cache are examples of a pseudo-associative cache. In the common case of finding a hit in the first way tested, a pseudo-associative cache is as fast as a direct-mapped cache, but it has a much lower conflict miss rate than a direct-mapped cache, closer to the miss rate of a fully associative cache.
AMD introduced methods to mitigate some of these drawbacks. For example, the Opteron processors have implemented [4] in 2007 a technique known as Instruction Based Sampling (or IBS). AMD's implementation of IBS provides hardware counters for both fetch sampling (the front of the superscalar pipeline) and op sampling (the back of the pipeline).
Sending cache is changed in S and the requesting cache is set R/F (in read miss the "ownership" is always taken by the last requesting cache) – shared intervention. – In all the other cases the data is supplied by the memory and the requesting cache is set S (V). Data stored in MM and only in one cache in E (R) state.
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Cache prefetching can be accomplished either by hardware or by software. [3]Hardware based prefetching is typically accomplished by having a dedicated hardware mechanism in the processor that watches the stream of instructions or data being requested by the executing program, recognizes the next few elements that the program might need based on this stream and prefetches into the processor's ...