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The Romani people have long been a part of the collective mythology of the West, where they were (and very often still are) depicted as outsiders, aliens, and a threat. For centuries they were enslaved in Eastern Europe and hunted in Western Europe: the Pořajmos, Hitler's attempt at genocide, was one violent link in a chain of persecution that encompassed countries generally considered more ...
The Roma migrated throughout Europe and Iberian Calé or Caló. The first Roma to come to the United States arrived in Virginia, Georgia, New Jersey and Louisiana during the 1500s. [169] Romani slaves were first shipped to the Americas with Columbus in 1498. [94] Spain sent Romani slaves to their Louisiana colony between 1762 and 1800. [95]
Contemporary scholars have suggested one of the first written references to the Romanis, under the term Atsingani, (derived from the Greek ἀτσίγγανοι – atsinganoi), dates from the Byzantine era during a time of famine in the 9th century. In the year AD 800, Saint Athanasia gave food to "foreigners called the Atsingani" near Thrace.
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Roma), Scottish Lowland Roma and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.
Scottish Romani are the Romani people of Scotland. This includes Romanichal (locally also known as Border Gypsies) and Lowland Romani (Lowland Gypsies). [1]Scottish Travellers are non-Romani groups indigenous to Scotland who live or traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle, including Scottish Highland Travellers, Scottish Lowland Travellers and Showmen (Funfair Travellers).
Although the term "Roma" was endorsed in place of "Gypsies" at the first World Roma Congress in London, [9] many Romani people in Britain prefer to call themselves Gypsies, or names that include the term such as Romani Gypsies or Romany Gypsies. [10] [11] [5] [12] [8] [13] They also commonly refer to themselves as Romani or Romanies. [14]
Modern-day Romanisael (Tater) are the descendants of the first Roma who arrived in Scandinavia during the 16th century. Most were deportees from Britain to Norway, [5] [1] but small numbers came via Denmark. [6] Norwegian and Swedish Romani identify as Romanisæl; this word has origins in the Angloromani word Romanichal.
The Prison Window by John Phillip depicting a Romani family in Spain during the Great Gypsy Round-up.. The Great Gypsy Round-up (Spanish: Gran Redada de Gitanos), also known as the general imprisonment of the Gypsies (prisión general de gitanos), was a raid authorized and organized by the Spanish Monarchy that led to the arrest of most Roma in the region and the genocide of 120,000 Romani ...