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Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia.It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs. [1]It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap. [2]
Traditionally, clinicians have classified pneumonia by clinical characteristics, dividing them into "acute" (less than three weeks duration) and "chronic" pneumonias. This is useful because chronic pneumonias tend to be either non-infectious, or mycobacterial, fungal, or mixed bacterial infections caused by airway obstruction.
With treatment, most types of bacterial pneumonia will stabilize in 3–6 days. [2] It often takes a few weeks before most symptoms resolve. [2] X-ray findings typically clear within four weeks and mortality is low (less than 1%). [24] [140] In the elderly or people with other lung problems, recovery may take more than 12 weeks.
[1] [2] [3] It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units. [1] [3] It is also one of the most common infections acquired at the hospital in children around the world. [4] Hospital acquired pneumonia typically lengthens a hospital stay by 1–2 weeks. [1] [3]
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath , weakness, fever , coughing and fatigue. [ 3 ]
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It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
Typically, infections cause 75% or more of the exacerbations; bacteria can roughly be found in 25% of cases, viruses in another 25%, and both viruses and bacteria in another 25%. Airway inflammation is increased during the exacerbation resulting in increased hyperinflation, reduced expiratory air flow and decreased gas exchange. [1] [2]