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The eggs hatch in a few days to reveal legless, C-shaped grubs. [2] Newly hatched larvae move from the midrib into the leaf where they feed as leaf miners for three to four weeks. [4] Once they are ready to pupate, the grubs spin reddish-brown cocoons in one of the main mining halls they created as larvae.
Costelytra giveni was first described by B.B. Given in 1952, though he mischaracterized specimens as C. zealandica [1] [2].In 2016, Coca-Abia and Romero-Samper found differences in syntype specimens between White's (1846) C. zealandica and Given's (1952) description, and revised the species name of the latter to C. giveni after Given.
A scarab beetle grub from Australia. The C-shaped larvae, called grubs, are pale yellow or white. Most adult beetles are nocturnal, although the flower chafers and many leaf chafers are active during the day. The grubs mostly live underground or under debris, so are not exposed to sunlight.
The eggs of the rose chafer are about 1 mm in length and are oval, white and shiny. The larvae are white C-shaped grubs that when mature develop a brown head capsule and three distinct pairs of legs. The pupae are yellowish-brown in colour and are about 15 mm in length. [6]
The eggs are white and about 3 mm in diameter. The larvae are the typical C-shaped white grubs of scarab beetles. The three larval stages can be separated by the size of their head capsule which is around 2.5–3 mm (first instar), 5–6 mm (second instar) and 10–11 mm (third instar), respectively. [10]
The grub stage is considered as a serious pest on sugarcane where they can be controlled by management of using cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated methods. [ citation needed ] In biological method, grubs can be destroy by using the parasitoid fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . [ 3 ]
As the larvae mature, they become c-shaped grubs, which consume progressively coarser roots and may do economic damage to pasture and turf at this time. Larvae hibernate in small cells in the soil, emerging in the spring when soil temperatures rise again. [13] Within 4–6 weeks of breaking hibernation, the larvae will pupate.
The female elephant beetle lays her eggs inside the decaying log or in the ground. Some weeks after that (usually three) the eggs hatch into C-shaped larvae, white grubs with brown heads and six legs. The larval stage lasts around 29 months, during which time the grubs consume organic matter.