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Case studies of patients with diagnosed hyperthyroidism showed that only about half of them complained of symptoms characteristic of TM. [13] Further examination as described above indicated that about 75% of the studied patients showed signs of muscle fiber degeneration. [ 14 ]
Graves' disease is the cause of about 50% to 80% of the cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Other causes include multinodular goiter , toxic adenoma , inflammation of the thyroid , eating too much iodine , and too much synthetic thyroid hormone .
In Chinese and Japanese people with hyperthyroidism, 1.8–1.9% experience TPP. This is in contrast to North America, where studies report a rate of 0.1–0.2%. [1] [2] Native Americans, who share a genetic background with East Asians, are at an increased risk. [1] The typical age of onset is 20–40.
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism.. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism [2] [3] in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Regardless of the inconsistent findings, a 2007 study by Andersen et al. states that the distinction between sub-clinical and overt thyroid disease is in any case somewhat arbitrary. [55] Sub-clinical hyperthyroidism has been reported in 63% of euthyroid Graves' disease, [56] but only in 4% of cases where Graves' disease was in remission. [57]
Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction more commonly results in hypothyroidism, estimated to occur in 6-32% of patients, whereas hyperthyroidism from amiodarone use is estimated at 1-12%. [1] However, the prevalence of AIT varies based on geographical region, and is more common in areas with low dietary iodine intake, where it occurs in 10-12% ...
Thyrotoxicosis factitia (alimentary thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis) [1] [2] is a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion [3] of exogenous thyroid hormone. [4] [5] It can be the result of mistaken ingestion of excess drugs, such as levothyroxine [6] and triiodothyronine, [7] or as a symptom of Munchausen syndrome.
Most common causes of hyperthyroidism by age. [6]A thyroid adenoma is distinguished from a multinodular goiter of the thyroid in that an adenoma is typically solitary, and is a neoplasm resulting from a genetic mutation (or other genetic abnormality) in a single precursor cell. [7]