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Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage is the most common cause of vocal fold paresis. [4] The RLN is responsible for motor input to the vocal folds. [4] Physicians may also use the term recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. [19] Additionally, superior laryngeal nerve damage (SLN) can also lead to vocal fold paresis. [4]
This is the sole muscle responsible for opening the vocal cords, and paralysis may cause difficulty breathing during physical activity. [19] Injury to both the right and left nerve may result in more serious damage, such as the inability to speak .
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation.
Voice disorders [1] are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production. These include:
Damage to cranial nerve X can present as changes in voice quality. One or both vocal folds may be effectively paralyzed, or have diminished function. If a vocal fold is stuck in an adducted or closed position, the voice will be harsh and low in volume. A vocal fold stuck in an abducted or open position may cause breathiness and low volume.
The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
“Treatment for vocal fold atrophy has focused on voice therapy, surgical therapies aimed at vocal fold medialization (when a damaged vocal cord is pushed toward a functioning one) or a ...
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]