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In Sumerian mythology, Ereshkigal was the queen of the underworld. Some researchers believe that Ninazu originally fulfilled this function, with Ereshkigal only becoming a significant ruler of the land of the dead in Sumerian imagination at a later point in time. [12]
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as Erṣetu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
Namtar served as the sukkal of Ereshkigal, [3] though less commonly he could also be referred to as the sukkal of Nergal. [7] Some texts simply refer to him as "sukkal of the underworld," sukkal ereseti ki. [13] According to the god list An = Anum, Namtar had a wife, Hušbišag, known also from various myths and incantations. [3]
He may have also been the father of Inanna and Ereshkigal. Ningal was the wife of Nanna, [39] as well as the mother of Utu, Inanna, and Ereshkigal. Ereshkigal was the goddess of the Sumerian Underworld, which was known as Kur. [16]: 184 She was Inanna's older sister. [40] In later myth, her husband was the god Nergal.
Namtar (Sumerian mythology, Akkadian mythology, Babylonian mythology), Ereshkigal's sukkal. Nergal ( Sumerian mythology , Akkadian mythology , Babylonian mythology ), second lord of the Underworld Inshushinak (Elamite mythology; also present in the Mesopotamian An-Anum god list.
The Burney Relief (also known as the Queen of the Night relief) is a Mesopotamian terracotta plaque in high relief of the Isin-Larsa period or Old-Babylonian period, depicting a winged, nude, goddess-like figure with bird's talons, flanked by owls, and perched upon two lions.
Two well known myths focus on Nergal, Nergal and Ereshkigal and Epic of Erra. The former describes the circumstances of his marriage of Ereshkigal, the Mesopotamian goddess of the dead, while the latter describes his rampages and efforts of his sukkal (attendant deity) Ishum to stop them. He also appears in a number of other, less well ...
Kakka was the sukkal of both Anu (in Nergal and Ereshkigal) [394] and Anshar (in the god list An = Anum and in Enuma Elish). [395] Kakka is not to be confused with a different unrelated deity named Kakka, known from Mari, who was a healing goddess associated with Ninkarrak [395] and Ninshubur. [292] Kanisurra: Uruk, [396] Kish [397]