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Frans Wiggermann proposes that Tishpak was one of the deities he describes as "transtigridian snake gods," [17] a group which he assumes developed on the boundary between Sumero-Akkadian and Elamite culture to which he also assigns gods such as Ninazu, Ningishzida, Ishtaran (the tutelary god of Der) and the Elamite Inshushinak (the tutelary god ...
Inscription: "To the god Ningiszida, his god, Gudea, Ensi (governor) of Lagash, for the prolongation of his life, has dedicated this" The name Ningishzida inscribed on a statue of Ur-Ningirsu . Seal of Gudea depicting him being led by Ningishzida (figure with snakes emerging from his shoulders)
A mythological hybrid, it is a scaly animal with hind legs resembling the talons of an eagle, lion-like forelimbs, a long neck and tail, two horns on its head, a snake-like tongue, and a crest. The mušḫuššu most famously appears on the Ishtar Gate of the city of Babylon , dating to the sixth century BCE.
Inshushinak (also Šušinak, [2] Šušun; [3] Linear Elamite: Insušinak, Cuneiform: 𒀭𒈹𒂞 d Inšušinak) was the tutelary god of the city of Susa in Elam.His name has a Sumerian etymology, and can be translated as "lord of Susa".
In later Babylonian god lists, Ereshkigal held a senior status among the underworld deities, ruling over the category of so-called "transtigridian snake gods" (such as Ninazu, Tishpak, Ishtaran, and the Elamite god Inshushinak, in Mesopotamia known almost exclusively in the afterlife context), [13] while Nergal, who fulfilled analogous ...
The name Nirah means "little snake" in Sumerian. [1] It could be written with the logogram d MUŠ, as already attested in third millennium BCE texts from Ebla. [1] However, this logogram could also designate Ištaran, [2] Ninazu, [3] the tutelary god of Susa, Inshushinak, [4] the tutelary god of Eshnunna, Tishpak, [5] and the primordial river deity Irḫan. [2]
He argues that both of these gods, as well as other deities, such as Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak and the so-called boat god belonged to a group he refers to as "transtigridian snake gods" due to their similar character and iconography and the location of their cult centers. [31]
Ninazu has no sukkal (attendant deity) in the major god lists, but it is possible that the viper god Ippu (or Ipahum), later known as the sukkal of Ningishzida, originally was a courtier of his father instead. [7] According to Irene Sibbing-Plantholt, he might be one and the same as the vegetation god Abu best known from the myth Enki and ...