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Round-by-chop: The base-expansion of is truncated after the ()-th digit. This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there is a tie, the floating-point number whose last stored digit is even (also, the last digit, in binary form, is equal ...
If x is negative, round-down is the same as round-away-from-zero, and round-up is the same as round-toward-zero. In any case, if x is an integer, y is just x . Where many calculations are done in sequence, the choice of rounding method can have a very significant effect on the result.
In topology and in calculus, a round function is a scalar function, over a manifold, whose critical points form one or several connected components, each homeomorphic to the circle, also called critical loops. They are special cases of Morse-Bott functions.
The pairing must be stable: no pair of unmatched participants should mutually prefer each other to their assigned match. In each round of the Gale–Shapley algorithm, unmatched participants of one type propose a match to the next participant on their preference list. Each proposal is accepted if its recipient prefers it to their current match.
A Feistel network uses a round function, a function which takes two inputs – a data block and a subkey – and returns one output of the same size as the data block. [1] In each round, the round function is run on half of the data to be encrypted, and its output is XORed with the other half of the data.
Since a single round is usually cryptographically weak, many attacks that fail to work against the full version of ciphers will work on such reduced-round variants. The result of such attack provides valuable information about the strength of the algorithm, [9] a typical break of the full cipher starts out as a success against a reduced-round ...
In computer programming, a thread pool is a software design pattern for achieving concurrency of execution in a computer program. Often also called a replicated workers or worker-crew model , [ 1 ] a thread pool maintains multiple threads waiting for tasks to be allocated for concurrent execution by the supervising program.
To maintain proper alignment the translator normally inserts additional unnamed data members so that each member is properly aligned. In addition, the data structure as a whole may be padded with a final unnamed member. This allows each member of an array of structures to be properly aligned.