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Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [2] [3] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers.
The upper urinary tract (ureters and kidney) is also imaged for tumors that could cause blood in the urine. This is typically done by injecting a dye into the blood that the kidneys will filter into the urinary tract, then imaging by CT scanning. Those whose kidneys are not functioning well enough to filter the dye may instead be scanned by MRI ...
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Ureter cancer rarely causes problems in the early stages, but as the cancer progresses, there are often side effects. [5] Symptoms of ureteral cancer may include "blood in the urine (); diminished urine stream and straining to void (caused by urethral stricture); frequent urination and increased nighttime urination (); hardening of tissue in the perineum, labia, or penis; itching; incontinence ...
Urethral cancer is a rare cancer originating from the urethra.The disease has been classified by the TNM staging system and the World Health Organization. [1] [3] [4]Symptoms include blood in the urine, lump at end of penis, or bloody penile discharge.
urinary tract infections; blood in the urine ( hematuria ); loss of bladder control ( incontinence ) or overactive bladder ; (Although, the American Urogynecologic Society does not recommend that cystoscopy, urodynamics, or diagnostic renal and bladder ultrasound are part of initial diagnosis for uncomplicated overactive bladder.) [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Common indications for urinary catheterization include acute or chronic urinary retention (which can damage the kidneys) from conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, orthopedic procedures that may limit a patient's movement, the need for accurate monitoring of input and output (such as in an ICU), urinary incontinence that may compromise the ability to heal wounds, and the effects of ...
Analysis of the urine may show signs of urinary tract infection. Specifically, the presence of nitrite and white blood cells on a urine test strip in patients with typical symptoms are sufficient for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, and are an indication for empirical treatment. Blood tests such as a complete blood count may show neutrophilia.