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Nitric oxide from copper turnings and diluted nitric acid; Nitrogen dioxide from copper turnings and concentrated nitric acid; Ammonia from magnesium nitride and water, deuterated ammonia when heavy water is used; [1] also from calcium oxide and solution of ammonium chloride; Carbon monoxide from pumice impregnated with oxalic acid and ...
The first towers bubbled the nitrogen dioxide through water and non-reactive quartz fragments. Once the first tower reached final concentration, the nitric acid was moved to a granite storage container, and liquid from the next water tower replaced it. That movement process continued to the last water tower which was replenished with fresh water.
The Ostwald process begins with burning ammonia.Ammonia burns in oxygen at temperature about 900 °C (1,650 °F) and pressure up to 8 standard atmospheres (810 kPa) [4] in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum gauze, alloyed with 10% rhodium to increase its strength and nitric oxide yield, platinum metal on fused silica wool, copper or nickel to form nitric oxide (nitrogen(II) oxide) and ...
The Vemork hydroelectric plant in Norway used its surplus electricity output to generate renewable nitric acid from 1911 to 1971, [18] requiring 15 MWh/ton of nitric acid. The same reaction is carried out by lightning, providing a natural source of soluble nitrates. [19] Natural gas remains the lowest cost method.
The Dushkin S-155 was a liquid-fueled rocket motor designed by Leonid Dushkin specifically for use in the Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-50 and Ye-50A (aka MiG-23U) experimental-developmental aircraft in the 1950s.
Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula H N O 3.It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. [6] The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen.
The Woolwich process was expensive: it needed 11 pounds (5.0 kg) of strong nitric acid for every pound of RDX. [49] By early 1941, the NDRC was researching new processes. [49] The Woolwich or direct nitration process has at least two serious disadvantages: (1) it used large amounts of nitric acid and (2) at least one-half of the formaldehyde is ...
In the air, coronas generate gases such as ozone (O 3) and nitric oxide (NO), and in turn, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and thus nitric acid (HNO 3) if water vapor is present. These gases are corrosive and can degrade and embrittle nearby materials, and are also toxic to humans and the environment.