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Prisoner reentry is the process by which prisoners who have been released return to the community. [1] Many types of programs have been implemented with the goal of reducing recidivism and have been found to be effective for this purpose.
The CoSA model of reintegration began in Canada in 1994. [4] According to Susan Love, the Ottawa Program Director for Circles of Support and Accountability, CoSA was started by the Mennonite pastor Harry Nigh, who befriended a mentally delayed, repeat sex offender—a man who had been in and out of institutions his entire life.
Incarceration in Canada is one of the main forms of punishment, rehabilitation, or both, for the commission of an indictable offense and other offenses.. According to Statistics Canada, as of 2018/2019 there were a total of 37,854 adult offenders incarcerated in Canadian federal and provincial prisons on an average day for an incarceration rate of 127 per 100,000 population.
Head office of the Correctional Service of Canada in Ottawa. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC; French: Service correctionnel du Canada), also known as Correctional Service Canada or Corrections Canada, is the Canadian federal government agency responsible for the incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted criminal offenders sentenced to two years or more. [3]
Recidivism in many countries is high, with rates over 50% not uncommon. [110] Recidivism rates are difficult to compare between countries, due to differences in laws and also what constitutes recidivism. Some countries consider simply being re-arrested as recidivism, whereas others count re-conviction or re-imprisonment.
Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense. [1] The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction. [medical citation needed]
The majority of programs in the United States make a distinction between a halfway house and a sober/recovery house.A halfway house has an active rehabilitation treatment program run throughout the day, where the residents receive intensive individual and group counseling for their substance abuse while they establish a sober support network, secure new employment, and find new housing.
Once a non-resident person is required to leave Canada because of a criminal conviction, they are not entitled to come back to Canada [10] unless they meet the rehabilitation requirements. [11] A non-resident who is convicted of an offence carrying a life sentence is normally barred from Canada for life, if released from incarceration. [12]