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Max Knoll (17 July 1897 – 6 November 1969) [1] was a German electrical engineer and co-inventor of the electron microscope.Knoll was born in Wiesbaden and studied at the University of Munich and at the Technischen Hochschulen in Munich and Berlin-Charlottenburg, where he obtained his doctorate in the Institute for High Voltage Technology.
First commercial Electron microscope, constructed by Ernst Ruska in 1939. Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (German pronunciation: [ɛʁnst ˈʁʊskaː] ⓘ; 25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988) [1] was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.
The team consisted of several PhD students including Ernst Ruska. In 1931, Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska [12] [13] successfully generated magnified images of mesh grids placed over an anode aperture. The device, a replicate of which is shown in the figure, used two magnetic lenses to achieve higher magnifications, the first electron microscope.
Laboratory annexe to the ER-C inaugurated on 29 September 2011 housing the PICO together with four other electron microscopes. The ER-C develops new methods and technologies in the field of electron microscopy, with a special focus on ultra-high-resolution techniques to study solid state materials, soft materials and biological systems.
The company of Carl Zeiss exploited this discovery and becomes the dominant microscope manufacturer of its era. 1928: Edward Hutchinson Synge publishes theory underlying the near-field scanning optical microscope; 1931: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska start to build the first electron microscope. It is a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The first TEM was demonstrated by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in 1931, with this group developing the first TEM with resolution greater than that of light in 1933 and the first commercial TEM in 1939. In 1986, Ruska was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for the development of transmission electron microscopy. [2]
In 1931, Ernst Ruska (1986 Nobel Prize award winner) and Max Knoll created the first electron microscope. This invention led to the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, which later contributed to immunoelectron microscopy.
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll build the first prototype electron microscope. Paul Dirac proposes that the existence of a single magnetic monopole in the universe would suffice to explain the quantization of electrical charge. [7]