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In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections. [1] Multi-party systems tend to be more common in countries using proportional representation compared to those using winner-take-all elections, a result known as Duverger's law .
A unitary parliamentary republic is a type of unitary state with a republican form of government in which political authority is entrusted to the parliament by multiple constituencies throughout a country.
In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The head of state is usually called a president and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role.
Multi-party semi-presidential republic Referendum Soviet Union: 1922 1990 Multi-party semi-presidential republic Constitutional amendment Had a collective head of state with a distinct chairman until 1989 One-party system under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: First Spanish Republic: 1873: 1874: Constitutional monarchy: Restoration of ...
A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties [a] consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party.
Many public debates about democracy-versus-republic, according to Heersink, are thinly masked attempts to alter or preserve a status quo that benefits a party or candidate for at least the short-term.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: President: Head of State First-past-the-post: Senate: Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial parliaments (108 seats) Senator for life (variable seats) National Assembly: Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation; First-past-the-post; Republic of the Congo: President: Head ...
This is the tenth in the South China Morning Post's series of explainers about China's Communist Party in the lead-up to the party's centenary in July. In this piece, Eduardo Baptista explains the ...