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Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α 2A-adrenergic receptor agonist [12] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. [13]
Chlorthalidone is the thiazide drug that is most strongly supported by the evidence as providing a mortality benefit; in the ALLHAT study, a chlorthalidone dose of 12.5 mg was used, with titration up to 25 mg for those subjects who did not achieve blood pressure control at 12.5 mg. Chlorthalidone has repeatedly been found to have a stronger ...
Clonidine was initially developed as a treatment for high blood pressure. Low doses in evenings and/or afternoons are sometimes used in conjunction with stimulants to help with sleep and because clonidine sometimes helps moderate impulsive and oppositional behavior and may reduce tics. [96] It may be more useful for comorbid Tourette syndrome.
Instead, extremely high levels of the precursor hormone corticosterone are produced, some of which is converted to 11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), a potent mineralocorticoid not normally clinically important in humans. DOC has blood-pressure raising effects similar to aldosterone, and abnormally high levels result in hypokalemic hypertension. [39]
Common side effects include dizziness, headache, cough, and feeling tired. [2] Severe side effects may include angioedema and low blood pressure. [2] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. [2] The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1989. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [5]
[18] [19] [needs update] [20] High blood pressure affects 33% of the population globally. [9] About half of all people with high blood pressure do not know that they have it. [9] In 2019, high blood pressure was believed to have been a factor in 19% of all deaths (10.4 million globally). [9] Video summary