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The first essay, "On Face-work", discusses the concept of face, which is the positive self-image a person holds when interacting with others. Goffman believes that face "as a sociological construct of interaction is neither inherent in nor a permanent aspect of the person". [ 6 ]
Example: Questioning someone's position or place in a group setting can create face-threatening situations. Differences in individualistic vs. collectivistic and small vs. large power distance cultures profoundly shape face management. Example: The way we communicate with others depends on how we communicate with leaders and the groups we fit ...
Examples: excessively emotional expressions. The speaker indicates that he does not have the same values or fears as the hearer; Examples: disrespect, mention of topics which are inappropriate in general or in the context. The speaker indicates that he is willing to disregard the emotional well-being of the hearer. Examples: belittling or boasting.
Facework is a skill of constantly maintaining the face in order to deserve the respect and honor from it. For instance, Individualistic cultures like United States , Canada , and Germany are standing for the position of protecting the self-face of the individual while collectivist cultures such as China , South Korea , and Japan support the ...
The last concept to expand on is identity. Identity is directly connected with the identity management theory since it helps define what this theory is trying to explain. Even though identity is a very broad topic, I will discuss personal identity through the lens of the individual, which will then affect its social identity.
Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. [1]
The Counseling Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on timely topics in such diverse areas as multiculturalism and cross-cultural competency, research methods, vocational psychology, assessment, international counseling and research, prevention and intervention, health, social justice, assessment, and training and supervision.
Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases: SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index.According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor is 1.089, ranking it 62 out of 82 journals in the category ‘Psychology, Applied’.