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  2. Sophie Germain's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Germain's_identity

    In mathematics, Sophie Germain's identity is a polynomial factorization named after Sophie Germain stating that + = ((+) +) (() +) = (+ +) (+). Beyond its use in elementary algebra, it can also be used in number theory to factorize integers of the special form +, and it frequently forms the basis of problems in mathematics competitions.

  3. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  4. List of number fields with class number one - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number_fields_with...

    The class number of a number field is by definition the order of the ideal class group of its ring of integers. Thus, a number field has class number 1 if and only if its ring of integers is a principal ideal domain (and thus a unique factorization domain). The fundamental theorem of arithmetic says that Q has class number 1.

  5. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of...

    While Euclid took the first step on the way to the existence of prime factorization, Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī took the final step [8] and stated for the first time the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. [9] Article 16 of Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is an early modern statement and proof employing modular arithmetic. [1]

  6. Factorization system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_system

    A weak factorization system (E, M) for a category C consists of two classes of morphisms E and M of C such that: [1] The class E is exactly the class of morphisms having the left lifting property with respect to each morphism in M. The class M is exactly the class of morphisms having the right lifting property with respect to each morphism in E.

  7. Unique factorization domain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_factorization_domain

    In mathematics, a unique factorization domain (UFD) (also sometimes called a factorial ring following the terminology of Bourbaki) is a ring in which a statement analogous to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic holds.