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Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or corporate identity. The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival.
Crystallizing Public Opinion is a book written by Edward Bernays and published in 1923. It is perhaps the first book to define and explain the field of public relations. [1] Bernays defines the counsel on public relations, as, more than a press agent, someone who can create a useful symbolic linkage among the masses.
Public relations can be described as all of the following: Academic discipline – branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. . Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners be
Public relations can facilitate dialogue by establishing channels and procedures for dialogic communication. [2] Dialogic theory argues that organizations should be willing to interact with publics in honest and ethical ways in order to create effective organization-public communication channels.
Media relations and public relations practitioners read magazines, journals, newspapers, and blogs to improve and relate to one's practice. Organizations often compile what is known as a media list, or a list of possible media outlets who may be interested in an organization's information.
The Excellence theory is a general theory of public relations that “specifies how public relations makes organizations more effective, how it is organized and managed when it contributes most to organizational effectiveness, the conditions in organizations and their environments that make organizations more effective, and how the monetary value of public relations can be determined”. [1]
Collective action refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective. [1] It is a term that has formulations and theories in many areas of the social sciences including psychology , sociology , anthropology , political science and economics .
Sociologist Michael Schudson suggests that "the belief in objectivity is a faith in 'facts,' a distrust in 'values,' and a commitment to their segregation". [3] Objectivity also outlines an institutional role for journalists as a fourth estate, a body that exists apart from government and large interest groups.