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Binomial test is an exact test of the statistical significance of deviations from a ... Calculating a -value for a two-tailed ... In Microsoft Excel, use Binom.Dist ...
Most modern statistical packages will calculate the significance of Fisher tests, in some cases even where the chi-squared approximation would also be acceptable. The actual computations as performed by statistical software packages will as a rule differ from those described above, because numerical difficulties may result from the large values ...
Statistical significance dates to the 18th century, in the work of John Arbuthnot and Pierre-Simon Laplace, who computed the p-value for the human sex ratio at birth, assuming a null hypothesis of equal probability of male and female births; see p-value § History for details.
In 2016, the American Statistical Association (ASA) made a formal statement that "p-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone" and that "a p-value, or statistical significance, does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a ...
The McDonald–Kreitman test in statistical genetics is an application of the G-test. Dunning [ 8 ] introduced the test to the computational linguistics community where it is now widely used. The R-scape program (used by Rfam ) uses G-test to detect co-variation between RNA sequence alignment positions.
Using a statistical test, we reject the null hypothesis if the test is declared significant. We do not reject the null hypothesis if the test is non-significant. Summing each type of outcome over all H i yields the following random variables:
The inaccuracy in Excel calculations is more complicated than errors due to a precision of 15 significant figures. Excel's storage of numbers in binary format also affects its accuracy. [ 3 ] To illustrate, the lower figure tabulates the simple addition 1 + x − 1 for several values of x .
The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]