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The C# language implements compile-time null safety check since version 8. However, to stay compatible with older versions of the language, the feature is opt-in on a per project or per file basis. [4] The Google's Dart language implements it since its version 2.0, in August 2018 [5] [6]
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.
Dart 3.0 was released in May 2023 [19] with changes to the type system to require sound null safety. This release included new features like records, patterns, [ 20 ] and class modifiers. [ 21 ]
Type safety Type expression Type compatibility and equivalence Type checking; A+: strong dynamic ActionScript 3.0 strong implicit with optional explicit typing static ABC: strong ABAP: strong nominal static Ada: strong [TS 1] explicit nominal static Agda: strong nominal static Aldor: weak partially implicit [1] static Alef: strong static ALGOL ...
In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type.In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, [citation needed] while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null ...
C# and VB.NET are similar to Java in that respect, though they allow disabling of dynamic type checking by explicitly putting code segments in an "unsafe context". Pascal's type system has been described as "too strong", because the size of an array or string is part of its type, making some programming tasks very difficult.