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The use of ultrasonography in a medical application was first used in the late 1940s in the United States. This use was soon followed in other countries with further research and development being carried out. The first report on Doppler ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for vascular disease was published in 1967–1968.
CHIVA involves Doppler ultrasonography to assess the hemodynamics. [3] Specifically the ultrasound study is to figure out where in the venous system the reflux begins. [3] Then an operation is performed under local anesthesia, consisting of a few incisions and tying off of veins (usually one to four), without venous ablation.
Unlike arterial ultrasonography, venous ultrasonography is carried out with the probe in a transversal position, (perpendicular to the vein axis), displaying cross-sections of the veins. [4] All collateral veins are better detected this way, including perforator veins, but of most importance is the detection of venous thrombosis.
A duplex ultrasound (doppler ultrasonography and b-mode) can detect venous obstruction or valvular incompetence as the cause, and is used for planning venous ablation procedures, but it is not necessary in suspected venous insufficiency where surgical intervention is not indicated. [10] [6]
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Ultrasound methods including duplex and color flow Doppler can be used to further characterize the clot [117] and Doppler ultrasound is especially helpful in the non-compressible iliac veins. [119] CT scan venography, MRI venography, or a non-contrast MRI are also diagnostic possibilities. [120]
Absence of the portal system in a first trimester case associated with hygroma and aorto-umbilical fistula. (A): Transverse plane of the upper abdomen with color Doppler applied, showing umbilical cord insertion, stomach, the prominent hepatic artery and no afferent liver venous perfusion; (B): midsagittal plane reconstructed from a three-dimensional volume acquisition were the crown-rump ...
Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which vascular ... doppler ultrasonography and computed ... Immediate surgery vs. ultrasound surveillance (and ...