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Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content. [1][2][3] Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all human societies. [4] Definitions of music vary widely in substance and approach. [5]
Although definitions of music vary wildly throughout the world, every known culture partakes in it, and it is thus considered a cultural universal.The origins of music remain highly contentious; commentators often relate it to the origin of language, with much disagreement surrounding whether music arose before, after or simultaneously with language.
Musica universalis. The musica universalis (literally universal music), also called music of the spheres or harmony of the spheres, is a philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies —the Sun, Moon, and planets —as a form of music. The theory, originating in ancient Greece, was a tenet of Pythagoreanism ...
An often-cited definition of music is that it is "organized sound", a term originally coined by modernist composer Edgard Varèse [15] in reference to his own musical aesthetic. Varèse's concept of music as "organized sound" fits into his vision of "sound as living matter" and of "musical space as open rather than bounded". [16]
Elements of music. Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts (aspects, characteristics, features), individually or together. A commonly used list of the main elements includes pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration, and form. The elements of music may be compared to the elements of art or design.
Ethnomusicology (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos ‘nation’ and μουσική mousike ‘music’) is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context, investigating social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions involved other than sound. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate ...
"World music" is an English phrase for ... category pose obstacles to a universal definition, ... near Glastonbury. Musicport World Music Festival is held annually at ...
Octave equivalence is a part of most advanced [clarification needed] musical cultures, but is far from universal in "primitive" and early music. [ 8 ] [ failed verification ] [ 9 ] [ clarification needed ] The languages in which the oldest extant written documents on tuning are written, Sumerian and Akkadian , have no known word for "octave".