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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates. [6][7][3] Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. [1][8] In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. [1][9] Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito ...
Plasmodium rodhaini Brumpt, 1939. Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malarial infection.
Haemosporidium vigesimotertianae Lewkowicz, 1897. Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. [2] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria.
The mainstay of malaria diagnosis has been the microscopic examination of blood, utilizing blood films. [1] Although blood is the sample most frequently used to make a diagnosis, both saliva and urine have been investigated as alternative, less invasive specimens. [2] More recently, modern techniques utilizing antigen tests or polymerase chain ...
Zoonosis. A zoonosis (/ zoʊˈɒnəsɪs, ˌzoʊəˈnoʊsɪs / ⓘ; [1] plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human and vice versa. [1][2][3] Major modern diseases ...
West Nile virus. About 2 in 10 people infected with West Nile virus develop symptoms, which can include fever and swelling of the brain. About 1 in 10 people who develop severe symptoms die. There ...
Human genetic resistance to malaria refers to inherited changes in the DNA of humans which increase resistance to malaria and result in increased survival of individuals with those genetic changes. The existence of these genotypes is likely due to evolutionary pressure exerted by parasites of the genus Plasmodium which cause malaria.
The history of malaria extends from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the primates of Africa through to the 21st century. A widespread and potentially lethal human infectious disease, at its peak malaria infested every continent except Antarctica. [ 1 ]