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The term "AI winter" was coined by researchers who had survived the funding cuts of 1974 when they became concerned that enthusiasm for expert systems had spiraled out of control and that disappointment would certainly follow. [ae] Their fears were well founded: in the late 1980s and early 1990s, AI suffered a series of financial setbacks. [122]
The digital divide is the unequal access to digital technology, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the internet. [1][2] The digital divide worsens inequality around access to information and resources. In the Information Age, people without access to the Internet and other technology are at a disadvantage, for they are unable or less ...
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
The term "Internet of things" was coined independently by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later of MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999, [29] though he prefers the phrase "Internet for things". [30] At that point, he viewed radio-frequency identification (RFID) as essential to the Internet of things, [ 31 ] which would allow computers to manage all ...
A massive open online course (MOOC / muːk /) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. [1] In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to ...
Geographic information system. A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1][2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1]
The shortened term "app" (coined in 1981 or earlier [9]) became popular, with the 2008 introduction of the iOS App Store, to refer to applications for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Later, with the 2010 introduction of the Mac App Store and the 2011 introduction of the Windows Store , the term was extended in popular use to ...
The term metaverse was coined in Neal Stephenson's 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash, where humans, as programmable avatars, interact with each other and software agents, in a three-dimensional virtual space that uses the metaphor of the real world. [89] Stephenson used the term to describe a virtual reality-based successor to the internet ...