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Scientists. v. t. e. In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quantum ...
t. e. In quantum mechanics, the measurement problem is the problem of definite outcomes: quantum systems have superpositions but quantum measurements only give one definite result. [1][2] The wave function in quantum mechanics evolves deterministically according to the Schrödinger equation as a linear superposition of different states. However ...
Observer (quantum physics) Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. [1] The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the issue of observer effect, where a measurement necessarily requires interacting with the physical object being measured, affecting its properties through the ...
The de Broglie–Bohm theory[a] is an interpretation of quantum mechanics which postulates that, in addition to the wavefunction, an actual configuration of particles exists, even when unobserved. The evolution over time of the configuration of all particles is defined by a guiding equation. The evolution of the wave function over time is given ...
Quantum metrology is the study of making high-resolution and highly sensitive measurements of physical parameters using quantum theory to describe the physical systems, [1][2][3][4][5][6] particularly exploiting quantum entanglement and quantum squeezing. This field promises to develop measurement techniques that give better precision than the ...
As long as new physics appears below or around 10 14 GeV, the neutrino masses can be of the right order of magnitude. Theoretical and experimental research has attempted to extend the Standard Model into a unified field theory or a theory of everything , a complete theory explaining all physical phenomena including constants.
t. e. A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein 's concept of local realism. Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the ...
Counterfactual definiteness. In quantum mechanics, counterfactual definiteness (CFD) is the ability to speak "meaningfully" of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed (i.e., the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured). [1][2] The term ...