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Ibn Khaldun (/ ˈ ɪ b ən h æ l ˈ d uː n / IH-bun hal-DOON; Arabic: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī, Arabic: [ibn xalduːn]; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab [11] [12] sociologist, philosopher, and historian [13] [14] widely acknowledged to be ...
In 1033, according to Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), Abu'l Kamal Tamim, the Banu Ifran chief, was lord of Salé on the Atlantic coast, while Fez was under the control of Hammama, chief of the Maghrawa. [2] Tamim's forces killed over six thousand Jews, appropriated their belongings, and captured the Jewish women of the city.
Ibn Khaldun diverged from norms that Muslim historians followed and rejected their focus on the credibility of the transmitter and focused instead on the validity of the stories and encouraged critical thinking. [13] Ibn Khaldun also outlines early theories of division of labor, taxes, scarcity, and economic growth. [14]
While most anti-Jewish polemicists saw those qualities as inherently Jewish, Ibn Khaldun attributed them to the mistreatment of Jews at the hands of the dominant nations. For that reason, says ibn Khaldun, Jews "are renowned, in every age and climate, for their wickedness and their slyness". [68]
Ibn Khaldun, a Muslim historian wrote: "Similar to an army of locusts, they destroy everything in their path." [112] As Arab nomads spread, the territories of the local Berber tribes were moved and shrank. The Zenata were pushed to the west and the Kabyles were pushed to the north.
Jews have settled in Maghreb since at least the third century BC. [2] According to one theory, which is based on the fourteenth-century writings of Arab philosopher Ibn Khaldun and was influential during the 20th century, Berbers adopted Judaism from these arrived Jews before the Arab conquest of North Africa.
Ibn Khaldun was an Islamic jurist and discussed the topics of sharia (Islamic law) and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) in his Muqaddimah. Ibn Khaldun wrote that "Jurisprudence is the knowledge of the classification of the laws of God." In regards to jurisprudence, he acknowledged the inevitability of change in all aspects of a community, and wrote:
The Fatimid court occasionally appointed Jews to high-ranking positions. Yaqub ibn Killis, a Jewish convert to Islam, became vizier under Caliph al-Aziz Billah (r. 975–996) and played a crucial role in state administration. [51] Despite these opportunities, Jews, like other dhimmis, faced occasional persecution. Under Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr ...