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Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.
Auditory processing disorder – Developmental or acquired neurological disorders; Catatonia – Psychiatric behavioural syndrome; Hyperacusis – Increased sensitivity to sound and decreased tolerance of noise; Hyperesthesia – Abnormal increase in sensitivity to sensory stimuli; Misophonia – Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds
The auditosensory cortex takes part in the reception and processing of auditory nerve impulses, which passes sound information from the thalamus to the brain. Abnormalities in this region are responsible for many disorders in auditory abilities, such as congenital deafness , true cortical deafness, primary progressive aphasia and auditory ...
Loudness hyperacusis is characterized by an increased perception of the loudness of sounds. [12] It is often associated with certain volumes and/or frequencies. It can occur in children [ 15 ] and adults, [ 16 ] and can be either "short-term" in a duration of weeks to less than a year before recovery, or, less commonly, "long-term," spanning ...
The ascending auditory pathways are damaged, causing a loss of perception of sound. Inner ear functions, however, remains intact. Cortical deafness is most often caused by stroke, but can also result from brain injury or birth defects. [4] [5] More specifically, a common cause is bilateral embolic stroke to the area of Heschl's gyri. [6]
Since the early days of aphasia research, the relationship between auditory agnosia and speech perception has been debated. Lichtheim [11] (1885) proposed that auditory agnosia is the result of damage to a brain area dedicated to the perception of spoken words, and consequently renamed this disorder from 'word deafness' to 'pure word deafness ...
Auditory neuropathy can be diagnosed with a battery of tests including otoacoustic emissions (OAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and acoustic reflexes. The classic AN paradigm would include present OAEs indicating normal outer hair cell function, absent or abnormal ABR with presence of the cochlear microphonic, and absent acoustic reflexes.
The auditory cortex takes part in the spectrotemporal, meaning involving time and frequency, analysis of the inputs passed on from the ear. The cortex then filters and passes on the information to the dual stream of speech processing. [5] The auditory cortex's function may help explain why particular brain damage leads to particular outcomes.