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A cow/calf winter herd is a herd that consists only of female elk and their young. In a normal winter, defined as one where there is a decent amount of snow fall, one study found that when the groups of cows and calves were safe from predation by wolves, about 75.6-83.0% of their diet was made up of graze whereas when wolves were present this number dropped to 61.6-69.4%. [3]
Type III or concave curves have the greatest mortality (lowest age-specific survival) early in life, with relatively low rates of death (high probability of survival) for those surviving this bottleneck. This type of curve is characteristic of species that produce a large number of offspring (known as r-selected species).
Both male and female North American elk grow thin neck manes; females of other subspecies may not. [32]: 37 By early summer, the heavy winter coat has been shed. Elk are known to rub against trees and other objects to help remove hair from their bodies. All elk have small and clearly defined rump patches with short tails.
Newspaper clippings from 1997 estimated more than 3,000 spectators came to watch a group of five female rocky mountain elk and calves climb over a hill in a single file and disappear into the wild.
For months, the DNR has received tips about bull elk No. 357 from the Black River State Forest herd.
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The eastern elk (Cervus canadensis canadensis) is an extinct subspecies or distinct population of elk that inhabited the northern and eastern United States, and southern Canada. The last eastern elk was shot in Pennsylvania on September 1, 1877. [1] [2] The subspecies was declared extinct by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1880. [3]
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