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Polish sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz is believed to have coined the term "ethnocentrism" in the 19th century, although he may have merely popularized it. Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead ...
In religious studies, an ethnic religion or ethnoreligion [2] is a religion or belief associated with notions of heredity and a particular ethnicity. Ethnic religions are often distinguished from universal religions , such as Christianity or Islam , which are not limited in ethnic, national or racial scope.
The origin of religious belief is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams. [9] Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs. The interplay between faith and reason, and their use as perceived support for religious ...
An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background. [1]Furthermore, the term ethno-religious group, along with ethno-regional and ethno-linguistic groups, is a sub-category of ethnicity and is used as evidence of belief in a common culture and ancestry.
In simple terms, the functional approach sees religion as "performing certain functions for society" [7] Theories by Karl Marx (role of religion in capitalist and pre-capitalist societies), Sigmund Freud (psychological origin of religious beliefs), Émile Durkheim (social function of religions), and the theory by Stark and Bainbridge exemplify ...
The measurement of religiosity is hampered by the difficulties involved in defining what is meant by the term and what components it includes. Numerous studies have explored the different components of religiosity, with most finding some distinction between religious beliefs/doctrine, religious practice, and spirituality. When religiosity is ...
Aug. 22 marked the International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief, a day that was created by the United Nations five years ago to highlight the plight ...
Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutions, and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. [1] The anthropology of religion, as a field, overlaps with but is distinct from the field of Religious Studies.