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Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of genetic or acquired disorders in which the body is unable to produce and maintain healthy fat tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The medical condition is characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue .
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (also known as Berardinelli–Seip lipodystrophy) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by an extreme scarcity of fat in the subcutaneous tissues. [2] It is a type of lipodystrophy disorder where the magnitude of fat loss determines the severity of metabolic complications. [3]
Familial partial lipodystrophy, also known as Köbberling–Dunnigan syndrome, [2] is a rare genetic metabolic condition characterized by the loss of subcutaneous fat. [ 3 ] : 495 FPL also refers to a rare metabolic condition in which there is a loss of subcutaneous fat in the arms, legs and lower torso.
Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL), also known as Lawrence syndrome [1] and Lawrence–Seip syndrome, [1] is a rare skin condition that appears during childhood or adolescence, characterized by fat loss affecting large areas of the body, particularly the face, arms, and legs.
Lipedema is a condition that is almost exclusively found in women [3] and results in enlargement of both legs due to deposits of fat under the skin. [2] Women of any weight may be affected [2] [3] and the fat is resistant to traditional weight-loss methods. [4]
A major result of the lipodystrophy in some people is severe insulin resistance so insulin does not work very well leading to diabetes and high triglyceride levels in the blood. The effect of insulin resistance can be variable and may relate to progression of the lipodystrophy or may reflect variation between individuals. [citation needed]
Barraquer–Simons syndrome is a rare form of lipodystrophy, which usually first affects the head, and then spreads to the thorax. [2] [3] It is named for Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855–1928), a Spanish physician, and Arthur Simons (1879–1942), a German physician.
Lipoatrophy occurs in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, one cause of which is an adverse drug reaction that is associated with some antiretroviral medications. [2] A more general term for an abnormal or degenerative condition of the entire body's adipose tissue is lipodystrophy.