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Reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS), also known as reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM), is a computer hardware engineering term involving reliability engineering, high availability, and serviceability design. The phrase was originally used by IBM as a term to describe the robustness of their mainframe computers.
High availability (HA) is a characteristic of a system that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period. [ 1 ] There is now more dependence on these systems as a result of modernization.
Availability Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. [1] Note that availability as defined in CAP theorem is different from high availability in software architecture. [5] Partition tolerance
The terms high availability, continuous operation, and continuous availability are generally used to express how available a system is. [3] [4] The following is a definition of each of these terms. High availability refers to the ability to avoid unplanned outages by eliminating single points of failure. This is a measure of the reliability of ...
In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings: The degree to which a system , subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at an unknown, i.e. a random, time.
The number of standby servers is a tradeoff between cost and reliability requirements. N-to-1 — Allows the failover standby node to become the active one temporarily, until the original node can be restored or brought back online, at which point the services or instances must be failed-back to it in order to restore high availability.
Availability includes non-operational periods associated with reliability, maintenance, and logistics. This is measured in terms of nines. Five-9's (99.999%) means less than 5 minutes when the system is not operating correctly over the span of one year. Availability is only meaningful for supportable systems.
With this definition, modern wind turbines which require very little maintenance, have very high availability factors, up to about 98%. Photovoltaic power stations which have few or no moving parts and which can undergo planned inspections and maintenance during night have an availability factor approaching or equal to 100% when the sun is shining.