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Image from a Falnama from India, created around 1610-1630, depicting the Last Judgement, Israfil on the top with a trumpet, a div below with a torch, the taqalan (ins and jinn) waiting to pass the Sirat Bridge to the afterlife with sinners falling off into hell filled with snakes, and the souls of the believers above in heaven.
This approach adopts canonical Arabic versions of the Bible, including the Torah and Gospel, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim commentators (mufassirun) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili of Al ...
The version of the Bible he had access to was an Arabic translation of the Syriac Peshitta, although he only produced exact quotes from Genesis and sourced the rest paraphrastically. Isaiah and Psalms figure most prominently in his proof-texts, but Genesis, Deuteronomy (e.g. ch. 18), and Habakkuk also appear.
Idris is not universally identified with Enoch, many Muslim scholars of the classical and medieval periods also held that Idris and Hermes Trismegistus were the same person. [8] [9] Genesis 5:24: Quran 19:56: Ezekiel: Ḥizkīl "Dhul-Kifl" Yechezkel Ezekiel 1:3: Quran 38:48: Ezra/Esdras Uzair or Idris: Ezra: Ezra 7:1: Quran 9:30: Gabriel ...
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.
The earliest documented Christian knowledge of Muhammad stems from Byzantine sources, written shortly after Muhammad's death in 632. In the Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati, a dialogue between a recent Christian convert and several Jews, one participant writes that his brother "wrote to [him] saying that a deceiving prophet has appeared amidst the Saracens". [17]
In regards to Balaam in Islam, it is very doubtful whether there is any reference to Balaam in the Qur'an. Old classical commentators applied to him, but with reservations: Relate to them the story of the man to whom We sent Our signs, but he passed them by: so Satan followed him up, and he went astray.
[8] [9] Death is also seen as the gateway to the beginning of the afterlife. In Islamic belief, death is predetermined by God, and the exact time of a person's death is known only to God. Death is accepted as wholly natural, and merely marks a transition between the material realm and the unseen world. [10]