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In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper advancing the hypothesis that light energy is carried in discrete quantized packets to explain experimental data from the photoelectric effect. Einstein theorized that the energy in each quantum of light was equal to the frequency of light multiplied by a constant, later called the Planck constant. A ...
In explaining the photoelectric effect, the hypothesis that energy consists of discrete packets, as Einstein illustrates, can be directly applied to black bodies, as well. The idea of light quanta contradicts the wave theory of light that follows naturally from James Clerk Maxwell 's equations for electromagnetic behavior and, more generally ...
The Einstein field equations (EFE) may be written in the form: [5] [1] + = EFE on the wall of the Rijksmuseum Boerhaave in Leiden, Netherlands. where is the Einstein tensor, is the metric tensor, is the stress–energy tensor, is the cosmological constant and is the Einstein gravitational constant.
The Planck relation [1] [2] [3] (referred to as Planck's energy–frequency relation, [4] the Planck–Einstein relation, [5] Planck equation, [6] and Planck formula, [7] though the latter might also refer to Planck's law [8] [9]) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics which states that the energy E of a photon, known as photon energy, is proportional to its frequency ν: =.
[3] [4] Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc 2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). [5] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect ", a pivotal step in ...
To explain the photoelectric effect, Albert Einstein assumed heuristically in 1905 that an electromagnetic field consists of particles of energy of amount hν, where h is the Planck constant and ν is the wave frequency.
As shown by Albert Einstein, [10] [53] some form of energy quantization must be assumed to account for the thermal equilibrium observed between matter and electromagnetic radiation; for this explanation of the photoelectric effect, Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics. [54]
Photoelectric effect Schematic illustration of the photoemission process. Using Einstein's method, the following equations are used: energy of photon = energy needed to remove an electron + kinetic energy of the emitted electron = + where h is the Planck constant;