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Human genetic resistance to malaria. Human genetic resistance to malaria refers to inherited changes in the DNA of humans which increase resistance to malaria and result in increased survival of individuals with those genetic changes. The existence of these genotypes is likely due to evolutionary pressure exerted by parasites of the genus ...
Cholera outbreaks were more devastating primarily because indigenous communities had little forms of water filtration and lacked immunity to water-borne diseases. [94] Due to a lack of immunity to water-borne disease, Native Americans suffered from higher mortality rates [95] Lack of immunity and exposure to bodies of water contaminated by ...
Most people became infected during their lifetimes, and about 30% of people infected with smallpox died from the disease, presenting a severe selection pressure on the resistant survivors. [ 26 ] In northern Japan, Ainu population decreased drastically in the 19th century, due in large part to infectious diseases like smallpox brought by ...
Humans probably came into contact with these rodents, and some people became infected by the viruses they carried. When viruses cross this so-called "species barrier", their effects can be severe, [6] and humans may have had little natural resistance. Contemporary humans lived in small communities, and those who succumbed to infection either ...
Innate resistance to HIV. A small proportion of humans show partial or apparently complete innate resistance to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. [1] The main mechanism is a mutation of the gene encoding CCR5, which acts as a co-receptor for HIV. It is estimated that the proportion of people with some form of resistance to HIV is under 10%.
Race and health refers to how being identified with a specific race influences health. Race is a complex concept that has changed across chronological eras and depends on both self-identification and social recognition. [1] In the study of race and health, scientists organize people in racial categories depending on different factors such as ...
Immunization happens in various ways, both in the wild and as done by human efforts in health care. Natural immunity is gained by those organisms whose immune systems succeed in fighting off a previous infection, if the relevant pathogen is one for which immunization is even possible. Natural immunity can have degrees of effectiveness (partial ...
Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. [5] The incubation period is 10–21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. [2] It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. [5]