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The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows (" periods ") and columns (" groups "). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences. It is a depiction of the periodic law, which states that when the elements are arranged in order ...
List of chemical elements. 118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [1]
The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements, structured by their atomic number, electron configuration and recurring chemical properties. In the basic form, elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number, in the reading sequence. Then, rows and columns are created by starting new rows and inserting blank cells, so ...
In the periodic table of the elements, each numbered row is a period. A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, elements in the same group (column ...
In the of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered. The elements in a group have similar physical or chemical ...
In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals, all of which have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge (which combines with anions to form salts). In nature, potassium occurs only in ionic salts.
A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure; [ a ] the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. [ b ]
Sulfur is an essential component of all living cells. It is the eighth most abundant element in the human body by weight, [ 100 ] about equal in abundance to potassium, and slightly greater than sodium and chlorine. [ 101 ] A 70 kg (150 lb) human body contains about 140 grams (4.9 oz) of sulfur. [ 102 ]