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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
Basilar skull fracture. A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1]
Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. [10] Brain function is temporarily or permanently impaired and structural damage may or may not be detectable with current technology.
Concussion, cerebral contusion, penetrating head injury, basilar skull fracture, traumatic brain injury. A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of ...
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...
cerebral edema , transtentorial herination. Cerebral contusion (Latin: contusio cerebri), a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. [2] Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple micro hemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe ...
Penetrating head injury. A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. [1] Penetrating injury can be caused by high- velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain.
Decompressive craniectomy (crani- + -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling or herniating brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Chiari malformation, and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.