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  2. Machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning

    e. Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. [1] Recently, artificial neural networks have been able to surpass many previous approaches in ...

  3. Timeline of machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_learning

    Bayesian methods are introduced for probabilistic inference in machine learning. [1] 1970s 'AI winter' caused by pessimism about machine learning effectiveness. 1980s: Rediscovery of backpropagation causes a resurgence in machine learning research. 1990s: Work on Machine learning shifts from a knowledge-driven approach to a data-driven approach.

  4. Outline of machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_machine_learning

    Machine learning involves the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data. [3] These algorithms operate by building a model from an example training set of input observations to make data-driven predictions or decisions expressed as outputs, rather than following strictly static program instructions.

  5. History of artificial neural networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial...

    Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are models created using machine learning to perform a number of tasks. Their creation was inspired by neural circuitry. [1] [a] While some of the computational implementations ANNs relate to earlier discoveries in mathematics, the first implementation of ANNs was by psychologist Frank Rosenblatt, who developed the perceptron. [1]

  6. History of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial...

    t. e. The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led directly to the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine ...

  7. Timeline of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial...

    1920-1925. Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created and analyzed the Ising model (1925) [45] which can be viewed as the first artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements. [9] In 1972, Shun'ichi Amari made this architecture adaptive. [46][9] 1920s and 1930s.

  8. Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Samuel_(computer...

    Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) [3] was an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. [2] He popularized the term "machine learning" in 1959. [4] The Samuel Checkers-playing Program was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of ...

  9. TensorFlow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TensorFlow

    TensorFlow is Google Brain's second-generation system. Version 1.0.0 was released on February 11, 2017. [15] While the reference implementation runs on single devices, TensorFlow can run on multiple CPUs and GPUs (with optional CUDA and SYCL extensions for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units). [16]