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Treponema pallidum pallidum is a motile spirochete that is generally acquired by close sexual contact, entering the host via breaches in squamous or columnar epithelium. The organism can also be transmitted to a fetus by transplacental passage during the later stages of pregnancy, giving rise to congenital syphilis. [ 54 ]
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. [2] Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits. [3]
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, highly mobile bacterium. [ 11 ] [ 22 ] Two other human diseases are caused by related Treponema pallidum subspecies, yaws (subspecies pertenue ) and bejel (subspecies endemicum ), and one further caused by the very closely related Treponema carateum , pinta .
Thin spirochete Treponema pallidum bacteria, the causative agent of syphilis magnified 400 times. A spirochete (plural spirochetes) is a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via internal periplasmic flagella inside the outer membrane. [33] They comprise the phylum Spirochaetes.
Treponema pallidum subspecies which cause treponematoses such as syphilis and yaws. Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi, which cause intestinal spirochaetosis [16] Salvarsan, the first partially organic synthetic antimicrobial drug in medical history, was effective against spirochaetes and primarily used to cure syphilis.
Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.Bejel is one of the "endemic treponematoses" (endemic infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called treponemes), a group that also includes yaws and pinta.
Treponema pallidum is the spirochete-shaped bacteria that causes neurosyphilis. The pathogenesis is not fully known, in part due to fact that the organism is not easily cultured, making scientific experiments difficult. [22] Within days to weeks after initial infection, T. pallidum spreads throughout the body via blood and lymphatic vessels.
It is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum when it infects the baby after crossing the placenta or from contact with a syphilitic sore at birth. [4] [5] It is not transmitted during breastfeeding unless there is an open sore on the mother's breast. [4] The unborn baby can become infected at any time during the ...