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In Marxist theory, false consciousness is a term describing the ways in which material, ideological, and institutional processes are said to mislead members of the proletariat and other class actors within capitalist societies, concealing the exploitation and inequality intrinsic to the social relations between classes. [1]
Ideology: without offering a general definition for "ideology", [12] Marx on several instances has used the term to designate the production of images of social reality. According to Engels, “ideology is a process accomplished by the so-called thinker consciously, it is true, but with a false consciousness.
In this view, Marxism (or the Marxist theory of history and economics) did not belong to the illusory realm of the superstructure because it is a science. In contrast, Gramsci believed Marxism was true in a socially pragmatic sense: by articulating the class consciousness of the proletariat , Marxism expressed the truth of its times better than ...
Leninism comprises socialist political and economic theories developed from Marxism as well as Lenin's interpretations of Marxist theory for practical application to the socio-political conditions of the agrarian early 20th-century Russian Empire. Leninism was the Russian application of Marxist economics and political philosophy, effected and ...
Commodity fetishism provides an example of what Engels called "false consciousness", [242] which relates closely to the understanding of ideology. By "ideology", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal. [243]
This specialized meaning comes from the term's root in the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the critique of ideology, ideology is a form of false consciousness. Ideology is a lie about the real state of affairs in the world. In Raymond Williams's words, it is about "ideology as illusion, false consciousness, unreality, upside-down ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 January 2025. Economic and sociopolitical worldview For the political ideology commonly associated with states governed by communist parties, see Marxism–Leninism. Karl Marx, after whom Marxism is named. Friedrich Engels, who co-developed Marxism. Marxism is a political philosophy and method of ...
The foundational basis of Marxist sociology is the investigation of capitalist stratification. An important concept of Marxist sociology is "a form of conflict theory associated with…Marxism's objective of developing a positive science of capitalist society as part of the mobilization of a revolutionary working class."